13) Regulation, Spectrum & Policy
π Theory β 13) Regulation, Spectrum & Policy
I. The ITU
β’ UN agency coordinating global spectrum.
β’ Radio Regulations β international treaty.
β’ World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC) every 3β4 years.
II. ITU-R and ITU-T
β’ ITU-R β radiocommunication, satellite allocations.
β’ ITU-T β telecom standards.
β’ Recommendations underpin equipment design.
III. National Regulators
β’ Ofcom, FCC, ACMA, TRAI.
β’ Licence satellite networks, earth stations.
β’ Coordinate with ITU and neighbours.
IV. Frequency Coordination
β’ Advance publication β coordination request.
β’ Protects existing services.
β’ PFD and EPFD limits.
V. Orbital Slots
β’ GEO slots are scarce and ITU-managed.
β’ Filing and realisation deadlines.
β’ LEO constellations file entire shells.
VI. Emerging Issues
β’ Mega-constellations and congestion.
β’ Space debris mitigation.
β’ Cyber security of satellite networks.
β’ Quantum key distribution.
π Level 1
β 0 points
π Advanced Essay (AI-Marked)
Critically analyse the regulatory framework governing satellite communication. Discuss the ITU, national regulators, spectrum coordination, orbital slot management, and the emerging policy challenges posed by LEO mega-constellations and space sustainability.
π Practice MCQs (15)
Q1: What are the limitations of WRC?
Q2: How does WRC differ from alternatives?
Q3: How does Ofcom differ from alternatives?
Q4: What is Ofcom?
Q5: How does ITU differ from alternatives?
Q6: What are the limitations of ITU?
Q7: How does ITU-T differ from alternatives?
Q8: Explain EPFD in satellite communication.
Q9: Explain Radio Regulations in satellite communication.
Q10: How does Advance publication differ from alternatives?
Q11: How does Radio Regulations differ from alternatives?
Q12: Explain Coordination request in satellite communication.
Q13: Explain PFD in satellite communication.
Q14: What is EPFD?
Q15: What is Orbital slot?
Module score: 0/0